With the absolute abundance of time I currently have to do art and troll my favorite website, I spent a good part of last week working on a tiny art project. This was inspired by Fox&Hazel’s beautiful petite art journals, as well as the realization that despite five years of study, I still can’t bring the Italian days of the week immediately to mind. Fox&Hazel’s is obviously more expertly done than my attempt, but I learned a decent amount about watercolor, and even more about etymology, so I’ll chalk it up as a win.
I broke out my art supplies, my online dictionary, my guide to Norse, Greek, Roman, and Christian mythologies, enlisted the help of three friends, and behold! A tiny guide to the names of Italian and English days. Enjoy!

Monday is convenient in that in both English and Italian, it refers to the moon. I say ‘convenient’, but actually the English is a loan-translation from the Latin, which gave ‘moon-day’ to all it’s baby Romance languages, and stole the day name as a loan-translation from the Greek. So, English took ‘moon’ for ‘Monday’, but then took the same root for ‘month’. Because that isn’t likely to confuse anyone. Lunedì is Italian for the same. We English took that root separately to refer to lunar cycles and lunacy.

Let’s take a look at a more complicated day: Tuesday. In Italian, martedì is named for Martes, or Mars. Italian, simple. English, less so, since it’s named after a god who only dedicated scholars of Norse mythology (and now, you) have even heard of, who himself took a name from an even older figure that nearly none of us have heard of. The rune here is Tiwaz named for Tyr, the Norse god of justice and courage. Tyr most likely got his name from an even older proto-Germanic god, Tiu, who was an old old sky god (and maybe a war god). Even better, Tiu shares a root with Italian dio, God- also the root of English deity. How’s that for full circle?
All this got so fuzzy and confusing when looking at mythologies which share gods’ names and ideas, but which have subtle differences. Even now, they’re pretty important to people in the know with Norse mythology. So if you are in the know, let me know because I’ve read so many conflicting reports that I’ve given up on independent Tuesday research.

Wednesday, blessedly, is easier to figure out. It came directly from Old English wodnesdæg, and if you ignore the insanity of English spelling for a moment and say that out loud, it sounds a lot like Odin’s day because, of course, it’s from the Old Norse. My favorite part of Odin’s stories is his pair of ravens, Huginn and Muninn, which tie nicely into the wings on Mercury’s staff (his caduceus, if you’re curious). Mercury gave his name to mercoledì. Thank goodness Italian has changed so little over the last few centuries compared to English, or this would have been much more difficult.

Every dull and boring Thursday, or giovedì, gets a bit more epic when you consider that it’s dedicated to a pair of powerful sky and thunder gods, Thor from the Old Norse gives us Thursday, and our favorite old-timey expletive, “By Jove!” gives us giovedì. Jove is another name for Jupiter, a.k.a. Iuppiter in classical Latin, a.k.a. Iovis in old Latin, a.k.a. Zeus in Greek. Wait- these seem very similar. Yep, those Romans really spread their religion all over!
And that leads us to the only day which gets to be ruled by women, and everyone’s favorite day.

Friday is named for Odin’s powerful wife, Frigg. Full disclosure: I had a hell (no, not Hel) of a time figuring out the real difference between Frigg and Freyja. I don’t know which really gets full naming credit, so I added a pair of Freyja’s cats. (Fuller disclosure, this is my least favorite page. Ah well, the cats are cute).
Frigg at least matches the power and beauty of Venus, who gives her name to venerdì. I have to say I was at a loss as to why Venus got a day, but Juno, the actual queen of the Roman gods, was left out- and then I realized that she gets a whole month to herself, in both English and Italian- June/giugno.

Finally, we reach the weekend, and are freed from the clutches of Norse mythology. One more Roman god, Saturn, gives us a name- but this time in English. Why did we turn to the Romans only now, at the end of the week? Maybe we thought we should pick up the slack, since Italian has abandoned the Roman mythological tradition and turned to Christianity for the weekend. Sabato is the name for the Sabbath, which begs the question as to why we all go to church on Sunday when the world hub of Catholicism speaks Italian and has church baked into the name itself. But then….

There’s always domenica, or, the day of the Lord. So the weekend is doubly Christian in Italian- the same root word gave English dominion, domestic, and dominate. *Dom– is actually a root related to ‘home’ or ‘house’, and all those words involve the home or mastery over it- presumably as God has mastery over us. But since the word for God in Italian is dio, as mentioned in Tuesday, the Sun was an appropriate metaphor. After all, that old root word *dyeu means ‘bright’ or ‘shining’ as well as ‘heavenly’. Speaking of *dyeu, there’s a good chance it is the root of ‘day’ in English as well- a perfect circular etymology always makes me happy.
The word ‘sun’ is, naturally, also related to the Old Norse word. Impossible to escape them.

I have found no good explanation as to why we named days after gods and planets. The same is true of the months before July (when Julius and Augustus Caesar’s names decided to mess with a perfectly good counting system for the latter half of the year, making October the tenth month instead of the eighth). Either way, it’s a bit more fun to remind yourself you have a meeting on Thor’s day, and maybe say a quick prayer for a bit of his strength. Plus, a date on Friday night feels slightly more optimistic when blessed by the goddess of love.

I’ve been losing track of days stuck inside for so long, but at some point, they will become important again. Hang in there! And do some art while you’re at it.
